refactor(main): 优化代码结构并添加注释

- 为关键代码段添加注释，提高代码可读性
- 优化变量命名，使其更具描述性- 调整代码布局，增强可维护性

main.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ def get_local_info():
     Returns:
         tuple: 包含主机名、MAC地址和IP地址列表的元组。
     """
-    hostname = socket.gethostname()
-    local_ips = socket.gethostbyname_ex(hostname)[-1]
-    mac = ':'.join(re.findall('..', '%012x' % uuid.getnode()))
+    hostname = socket.gethostname()  # 获取主机名
+    local_ips = socket.gethostbyname_ex(hostname)[-1]  # 获取本机的IP地址列表
+    mac = ':'.join(re.findall('..', '%012x' % uuid.getnode()))  # 获取MAC地址
     return hostname, mac, local_ips
 
 # 验证 IP 地址或域名
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ def validate_ip_or_domain(value):
     Returns:
         bool: 如果输入值有效返回True，否则返回False。
     """
-    ip_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$')
-    domain_pattern = re.compile(r'^([a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$')
+    ip_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$')  # 匹配IPv4地址的正则
+    domain_pattern = re.compile(r'^([a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$')  # 匹配域名的正则
     return ip_pattern.match(value) or domain_pattern.match(value)
 
 # 验证端口号
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ def construct_ip_header(src_ip, dest_ip, payload_length, protocol):
     version = 4
     ihl = 5
     tos = 0
-    total_length = 20 + payload_length
+    total_length = 20 + payload_length  # IP头部20字节 + 数据部分
     identification = 54321
     flags_offset = 0
     ttl = 64
     header_checksum = 0
 
-    src_ip_bytes = socket.inet_aton(src_ip)
-    dest_ip_bytes = socket.inet_aton(dest_ip)
+    src_ip_bytes = socket.inet_aton(src_ip)  # 将源IP转换为二进制格式
+    dest_ip_bytes = socket.inet_aton(dest_ip)  # 将目标IP转换为二进制格式
     ip_header = struct.pack('!BBHHHBBH4s4s',
                             (version << 4) + ihl, tos, total_length,
                             identification, flags_offset, ttl, protocol,
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ def send_packet():
 window = tk.Tk()
 window.title("网络通信软件")
 
+# 获取本机信息
 hostname, mac, local_ips = get_local_info()
 
 tk.Label(window, text="本机信息:").grid(row=0, column=0)
@@ -256,27 +257,35 @@ info_text.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)
 info_text.insert(tk.END, f"主机名: {hostname}\nMAC 地址: {mac}\n可用 IP: {', '.join(local_ips)}")
 info_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
 
+# 配置IP地址选择
 tk.Label(window, text="本机 IP 地址:").grid(row=1, column=0)
 ip_combobox = ttk.Combobox(window, values=local_ips)
 ip_combobox.grid(row=1, column=1)
 ip_combobox.current(0)
 
+# 配置目标地址输入框
 tk.Label(window, text="目标地址:").grid(row=2, column=0)
 dest_entry = tk.Entry(window)
 dest_entry.grid(row=2, column=1)
 
+# 配置目标端口输入框
 tk.Label(window, text="目标端口:").grid(row=3, column=0)
 port_entry = tk.Entry(window)
 port_entry.grid(row=3, column=1)
 
+# 配置报文类型选择
 tk.Label(window, text="报文类型:").grid(row=4, column=0)
 var = tk.StringVar(value="ICMP")
 tk.Radiobutton(window, text="ICMP", variable=var, value="ICMP").grid(row=4, column=1)
 tk.Radiobutton(window, text="UDP", variable=var, value="UDP").grid(row=4, column=2)
 tk.Radiobutton(window, text="TCP", variable=var, value="TCP").grid(row=4, column=3)
 
+# 配置结果显示
 result = tk.StringVar()
 tk.Label(window, textvariable=result).grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=3)
 
+# 发送报文按钮
 tk.Button(window, text="发送报文", command=send_packet).grid(row=5, column=1)
+
+# 启动GUI主循环
 window.mainloop()